1. Structure and function of signalling molecules:
- structure and chemical character of signalling molecules
- function of signalling molecules: „first messenger“ vs. „second messengers“
2. Main groups of signalling molecules:
- hormones
- cytokines
- neurotransmitters
- retinoids
3. Difference between hormones and cytokines
4. Hormones:
- chemical character of hormones
- groups of hormones: hormones of hypothalamus, hormones of adenohypophysis, hormones of neurohypophysis, hormones of thyroid gland, hormones of Ca2+ metabolism, hormones of adrenal cortex, hormones of adrenal pulp, sexual hormones, pancreatic hormones
5. Hormones of hypothalamus: hormones relaxing factors, somatostatin
6. Hormones of adenohypophysis: TSH, ACTH, LF, somatotropin/GH, prolactine
7. Hormones of neurohypophysis: vasopresine, oxytocine
8. Hormones of thyroid gland: thyroxine, tri-iodthyronine
9. Hormones of Ca2+ metabolism: parathormone, calcitriol, calcitonine
10. Hormones of adrenal cortex: cortisol, aldosterone
11. Hormones of adrenal pulp: adrenaline, noradrenaline
12. Sexual hormones: testosterone, estradiol, progesterone
13. Pancreatic hormones: insuline, glucagone
14. Cytokines:
- chemical character of cytokines
- group of cytokines: growth factors, lymphokines and monokines, interferones, other cytokines
15. Growth factors: TGF-β, EGF, FGF-1, FGF-2, HGF, IGF-I, IGF-II, NGF, PDGF
16. Lymphokines and monokines: IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, GM-CSF
17. Interferones: IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ
18. Other cytokines: erythropoetine, TNF-α, TNF-β, GH
19. Neurotransmitters:
- chemical character of neurotransmitters
- types of neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, dopamin, GABA
20. Retinoids:
- chemical character of retinoids
- retinoid acid
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